How did Alexander I bring social reforms to Russia?

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1. Lilitu says

   On September 8, 1802 Alexander I, the Emperor of the Russian Empire, issued the Manifesto according to which following ministries had been founded on the basis of the Administration of State Affairs: Military Land Forces, Naval Forces, Foreign Affairs, Justice, Internal Affairs, Finances, Commerce, Education. The Manifesto facilitated the formation of the Russian State and unified the system of the executive power bodies. The Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Finances, the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation are indirect successors of the Ministries founded according to the Manifesto of Alexander I.

   The elaborate system of education, culminating in the reconstituted, or newly founded, universities of Dorpat (Tartu), Vilna (Vilnius), Kazan and Kharkiv, was strangled in the supposed interests of "order" and of the Russian Orthodox Church; while the military settlements which Alexander proclaimed as a blessing to both soldiers and state were forced on the unwilling peasantry and army with pitiless cruelty. Though they were supposed to improve living conditions of soldiers, the economic effect in fact was poor and harsh military discipline caused frequent unrest.

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