How did the Mongol invasion in the 13th century affect Kiev and Novgorod?

Question by nightshift: How did the Mongol invasion during the 13th centuries affect the trading towns of Kiev and Novgorod?
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Answer by gatita_63109
Mongol Invasion

Main article: Mongol invasion of Russia

The invading Mongols accelerated the fragmentation of the Kievan Rus’. In 1223, the Kievan Rus’ faced a Mongol raiding party at the Kalka River and was soundly defeated. In 1240 the Mongols sacked the city of Kiev and then moved west into Poland and Hungary. By then they had conquered most of the Russian principalities. Of the principalities of Kievan Rus’, only Novgorod escaped occupation.

The impact of the Mongol invasion on the territories of Kievan Rus’ was uneven. About half of Russian population was lost during the invasion. The advanced city culture practically has been completely destroyed. Centers such as Kiev never recovered from the devastation of the initial attack. As Novgorod continued to prosper, a new entity, the city of Moscow, began to flourish under the Mongols since 1328. Although a Russian army defeated the Golden Horde at Kulikovo in 1380, Mongol domination of the Russian-inhabited territories, along with demands of tribute from Russian princes, continued until about 1480.

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