What contributed to the ideological split of China and the Soviet Union?

Question by Joel: What policy differences contributed to the ideological split of China and the Soviet Union in the 50s and 60s?
I was wondering what the major differences between communist China and the Soviet Union were during the 50s and 60s. I know they were both communist countries and each had their own different policies but I don’t know much detail about this. Any info would be helpful. Thanks! 🙂

Answers and Views:

Answer by Dits Engineering
1 the different level of development of the productive forces – China was more backward. In 1956-1960, the USSR was at a stage in the development of the productive forces at which national resources were no longer able to develop the economy in isolation from the world economy, and the capacity of bureaucratic command to develop the economy was becoming exhausted, while China was at an earlier stage in the construction of a planned economy;
2 the dominant role of the peasantry in the Chinese revolution, as opposed to the Russian Revolution. The working class was the leading force in both cases, but the Russian Revolution was made in the cities, and was taken out to the countryside; the Chinese Revolution was made in the countryside, and rolled in from the countryside to the cities;
3 the different perspective in relation to imperialism – the USSR now felt less threatened, both internally and externally, but wanted trade with the West, while the Chinese rightly felt immediately threatened by imperialism

In political science, the term Sino–Soviet split (1960–1989) denotes the worsening of political and ideologic relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War (1945–1991). The doctrinal divergence derived from Chinese and Russian national interests, and from the régimes respective interpretations of Marxism: Maoism and Marxism–Leninism. In the 1950s and the 1960s, ideological debate between the Communist parties of Russia and China also concerned the possibility of peaceful coexistence with the capitalist West. Yet, to the Chinese public, Mao Zedong proposed a belligerent attitude towards capitalist countries, an initial rejection of peaceful coexistence, which he perceived as Marxist revisionism from the Russian Soviet Union. Moreover, since 1956, the PRC and the USSR had (secretly) diverged about Marxist ideology, and, by 1961, when the doctrinal differences proved intractable, the Communist Party of China formally denounced the Soviet variety of Communism as a product of “The Revisionist Traitor Group of Soviet Leadership”, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, headed by Nikita Krushchev

read more on : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split

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